Information Systems to Different Levels of Management

Transaction Processing System (TPS):

Business transactions are events that serve the mission of the business. They are the primary means by which the business interacts with its supplier, customer, partners, employees and government. Transactions are significant to us because they capture and or create data about and for the business. Examples of transaction include purchases, orders, sales reservation, shipment invoices and payments.

 "TPS are information systems application that capture and process data about (or for) business transactions they are sometimes called data processing systems."

The analysis and design of transaction of transaction processing systems tends to focus on factors such as response time, through put (volume of transaction), accuracy and consistency.

Management Information Systems:

Management information systems supplement TPS with management reports required to plan, monitor and control business operation. A MIS is a information system application that provides for management oriented reporting usually like current sales & marketing, recruitment and so on MIS produce information based on accepted management or mathematical/statistical models

Expert System:

An expert system is an information system application that captures the knowiedge and expertise of a problem soiver or decision maker and then simulates the thinking of thaiexpert for those who have less expertise. Expert sysiems imitate the logic and reisoning of the experts within their respective fields. For example

A food manufacturer uses an expert system to preserve the production expertise of experienced engineers who are nearing retirement Expert systems are implemented with artificial intelligence technology often called expert system shells that captures and simulates the reasoning of the expert

Decision Support System:

A decision support system (DSS) is an information system application that provides its users with decision oriented information whenever decision making situation arises. When applied executive managers, these systems are sometimes called executive information system. A DSS does not make decision or solve problems. People do. Decision support systems are concerned with providing useful information to support the decision making process. In particular. decision support systems are usually designed to support unstructured decisions. Those decision making situation that cannot be predicted in advance. DSS is based on the reality that the information needed to support unstructured decisions already been captured by transaction processing and management information system. The DSS provides the decision maker with tools (data mining tools) to access that information and analyze it to make a decision. In general a DSS provides one or more oi the following types of support to the decision maker:

• identification of problems or decision making opportunities.
• identification of possible solutions or decisions
• Access to information needed to solve a problem or make a decision
• Tc perform what if analysis
• simulation of possible solution and their likely results